civil engineering portal

  GABION CRATES OR WIRE CRATE ARE ALSO USED AS A PROTECTION WORK FOR PROTECTING LARGE MASSES OF EARTH. THEY CAN BE USED AS RETAINING AS WELL AS BREAST WALL. WIRE CRATES ARE AVAILABLE IN DIFFERENT SIZES AS PER THE SITE REQUIREMENTS. WIRE CRATES ARE MOSTLY ZINC COATED SO THAT RUST DOESNOT AFFECT THEM. WIRE CRATES ARE EASY TO LAY AND EFFECTIVE IN WORK. STONES ARE PACKED IN LAYERS IN WIRE CRATES AND WHICH IS EVENTUALLY LOCKED BHY JOINING WIRES MAKING IT AS A COMPLETE STRUCTURE.

  It is substructure part of bridge which supports superstructure.  Abutment are reinforced structure and are constructed in high strength Concrete Mix Design. Formwork should be proper so that no leaking on concrete takes place . Bridges are very important part of modern fast moving life providing better connectivity across different regions. Being a very important aspect of engineering proper care should be taken while constructing such structure.

 

BREAST walls are provided to hold in place  mass of earth or excavation. They provide stability to natural slope. In these photos  walls are being provided in dry  stone masonry with Random Rubble masonry in 1:6  mix cement sand mortar in vertical bands and concrete in bottom. At some places breast wall in concrete are also provided with proper weep holes to drainage out the water.   

 

WATER LOGGING  is one of the major problems of land degradation in India. Unscientific management of soil, water and crops in irrigated lands and obstruction of natural drainage systems by various developmental activities are the main factors responsible for disrupting the balance of inflow and outflow of water, leading to water logging. While irrigation has increased by leaps and bounds, its attendant problem of water logging is now plaguing substantial area of agricultural lands . An irrigated area is said to  be waterlogged when the surplus water stagnates due to poor drainage or when the shallow water table rises to an extent that soil pores in the root zone of a crop become saturated, resulting in restriction of the normal circulation of the air, decline in the level of oxygen and increase in the level of carbon dioxide. The actual depth of water table, when it starts affecting the yield of the crops adversely, may vary over a wide range from zero for r...

An irrigation channel is a conduit that transports wat   Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil. It is usually used to assist the growing of crops in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil. It is usually used to assist the growing of crops in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. Water is important in every aspect of life whether it is farming or any daily life need. Irrigation canal is life life on farming. With the help of irrigation canal the water is transported from one place to another place of requirement with ease and efficiency.