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Breast wall are types of protection walls used in civil engineering works. Breast are used to protect the fresh cut of earth. There is always a confusion between retaining wall and breast wall. The Breast wall is built on the hill side of a Road as it protects the natural cut slope of Road. Retaining wall is built on the valley side of road. Breast has a small range of height nearly from 2 to 3 meters and retaining wall can have more height. Breast wall help in protecting the cut slope from further Erosion. Both breast walls and Retaining walls are used in hilly road constructions having steep slopes and it can also be used in Embankment to protect them from erosion. Breast wall can be constructed in plain Concrete or in Stone Masonry. In these photos we can see Breast walls being constructed in Stone masonry ...
GABION CRATES OR WIRE CRATE ARE ALSO USED AS A PROTECTION WORK FOR PROTECTING LARGE MASSES OF EARTH. THEY CAN BE USED AS RETAINING AS WELL AS BREAST WALL. WIRE CRATES ARE AVAILABLE IN DIFFERENT SIZES AS PER THE SITE REQUIREMENTS. WIRE CRATES ARE MOSTLY ZINC COATED SO THAT RUST DOESNOT AFFECT THEM. WIRE CRATES ARE EASY TO LAY AND EFFECTIVE IN WORK. STONES ARE PACKED IN LAYERS IN WIRE CRATES AND WHICH IS EVENTUALLY LOCKED BHY JOINING WIRES MAKING IT AS A COMPLETE STRUCTURE.
IT is a branch of survey which helps in determination of elevation of a given point or object with espect to some specified point or object. . Common levelling instruments include the spirit level , the dumpy level , the digital level, and the laser level. The dumpy level is an older style of optical instrument. It is commonly believed that dumpy levelling is less accurate than other types of levelling, but such is not the case. Dumpy levelling requires shorter and therefore more numerous sights, but this fault is compensated by the practice of making foresights and backsights equal.
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