Basic principle of surveying........

-
The  following two basic principles should be considered while determining relative position of points on the surface of earth:-
1. determining suitable method for locating a point:- it is  always practicable to select two points in the field to measure the distance between them. These can be represented on paper by two points placed in a convenient positions.
2.working from whole to the part:- in surveying an area, it is essential to establish first of all a system of control points with great precision. Minor control points can then be established by less precise method and the details can be located  afterwards by method of triangulation or traversing between control points. 
Know the basic and you will never need to know again and again.

Comments

Post a Comment

If u have any doubts please let me know

Popular posts from this blog

what is theodolite?

-
Image
A theodolite   is a precision instrument for measuring angles   in the horizontal and vertical planes. Theodolites are mainly used for  surveying  applications, and have been adapted for specialized purposes in fields like metrology . A modern theodolite consists of a movable telescope mounted within two perpendicular axes — the horizontal  or trunnion  axis , and the vertical axis. When the telescope is pointed at a target object, the angle of each of these axes can be measured with great precision, typically to seconds of arc.
Read more

what is contouring?

-
Image
A contour is defined as an imaginary line of constant elevation on the ground surface. It can also be defined as the line of intersection of a level surface with the ground surface. For example, the line of intersection of the water surface of a still lake or pond with the surrounding ground represents a contour line.                                                                                                   It facilitates depiction of the relief of terrain in a two dimensional plan or map. The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of earth is called contouring. A contour map gives the idea of the altitudes of the surface features as well as their relative positions in a plan CONTOURING BY INDIRECT METHOD: The points surveyed...
Read more

Breast Wall

-
Image
Breast wall  are types of protection walls used in civil engineering  works. Breast  are used to  protect  the fresh cut of earth. There  is always a confusion between  retaining wall and breast wall. The Breast  wall is built on the  hill side  of a  Road as it  protects the natural cut slope of Road. Retaining wall  is built on the valley side  of road. Breast has a small range of height nearly from 2 to 3 meters and retaining wall can  have more height.  Breast   wall  help  in  protecting  the cut  slope from further Erosion.  Both breast walls and Retaining walls  are used in hilly road constructions  having steep slopes and it can  also be used  in Embankment to protect them from erosion. Breast wall can be constructed in plain  Concrete or in Stone Masonry. In these photos we  can see Breast walls being constructed in Stone masonry ...
Read more